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1.
J. bras. pneumol ; 45(3): e20180065, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012556

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To derive reference values for healthy white Brazilian adults who have never smoked and to compare the obtained values with reference values derived by Crapo and by Neder. Methods: Reference equations by quantile regressions were derived in 122 men and 122 women, non-obese, living in seven cities in Brazil. Age ranged from 21 to 92 years in women and from 25 to 88 years in men. Lung function tests were performed using SensorMedics automated body plethysmographies according ATS/ERS recommendations. Lower and upper limits were derived by specific equations for 5 and 95 percentiles. The results were compared to those suggested by Crapo in 1982, and Neder in 1999. Results: Median values for total lung capacity (TLC) were influenced only by stature in men, and by stature and age in women. Residual volume was influenced by age and stature in both genders. Weight was directly related to inspiratory capacity and inversely with functional residual capacity and expiratory reserve volume in both genders. A comparison of observed TLC data with values predicted by Neder equations showed significant lower values by the present data. Mean values were similar between data from present study and those derived by Crapo. Conclusion: New predicted values for lung volumes were obtained in a sample of white Brazilians. The values differ from those derived by Neder, but are similar to those derived by Crapo.


RESUMO Objetivo: Derivar valores de referência para brasileiros adultos brancos saudáveis que nunca fumaram e comparar os valores obtidos com os valores de referência derivados por Crapo e por Neder. Métodos: Equações de referência por regressões quantílicas foram derivadas em 122 homens e 122 mulheres, não obesos, em sete cidades do Brasil. A idade variou entre 21 e 92 anos nas mulheres e de 25 a 88 anos nos homens. Os volumes pulmonares foram medidos por pletismógrafo de corpo automatizados SensorMedics, de acordo com as recomendações da SBPT e ATS/ERS. Os limites inferior e superior, expressos pelo percentil 5 e 95, foram derivados por equações específicas. Os resultados foram comparados aos sugeridos por Crapo em 1982 e Neder em 1999. Resultados: Os valores medianos para a capacidade pulmonar total (CPT) foram influenciados apenas pela estatura nos homens, e pela estatura e idade nas mulheres. O volume residual foi influenciado pela idade e estatura em ambos os sexos. O peso se correlacionou diretamente com a capacidade inspiratória e inversamente com a capacidade residual funcional e com o volume de reserva expiratório em ambos os sexos. A CPT observada, comparada com os valores previstos pela equação de Neder, foi significativamente menor. Os valores médios foram semelhantes entre os dados do presente estudo e os de Crapo. Conclusões: Novos valores previstos para os volumes pulmonares foram obtidos em uma amostra de brasileiros de raça branca. Os valores diferem daqueles derivados por Neder, mas são semelhantes aos derivados por Crapo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Plethysmography/methods , Total Lung Capacity/physiology , Lung/physiology , Lung Volume Measurements/methods , Reference Values , Respiratory Function Tests , Brazil , Body Mass Index , Sex Factors , Age Factors
2.
J. bras. pneumol ; 42(5): 341-347, Sept.-Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-797952

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Many patients with proportional reductions in FVC and FEV1 on spirometry show no reduction in TLC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role that measuring lung volumes and airway resistance plays in the correct classification of patients with a possible restrictive pattern on spirometry. Methods: This was a prospective study involving adults with reduced FVC and FEV1, as well as an FEV1/FV(C) ratio within the predicted range. Restrictive lung disease (RLD) was characterized by TLC below the 5th percentile, as determined by plethysmography. Obstructive lung disease (OLD) was characterized by high specific airway resistance, significant changes in post-bronchodilator FEV1, or an FEF25-75% < 50% of predicted, together with a high RV/TLC ratio. Nonspecific lung disease (NLD) was characterized by TLC within the predicted range and no obstruction. Combined lung disease (CLD) was characterized by reduced TLC and findings indicative of airflow obstruction. Clinical diagnoses were based on clinical suspicion, a respiratory questionnaire, and the review of tests of interest. Results: We included 300 patients in the study, of whom 108 (36%) were diagnosed with RLD. In addition, 120 (40%) and 72 (24%) were diagnosed with OLD/CLD and NLD, respectively. Among the latter, 24 (33%) were clinically diagnosed with OLD. In this sample, 151 patients (50.3%) were obese, and obesity was associated with all patterns of lung disease. Conclusions: Measuring lung volumes and airway resistance is often necessary in order to provide an appropriate characterization of the pattern of lung disease in patients presenting with a spirometry pattern suggestive of restriction. Airflow obstruction is common in such cases.


RESUMO Objetivo: Muitos pacientes com redução proporcional de CVF e VEF1 na espirometria não têm CPT reduzida. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o papel da medida dos volumes pulmonares e da resistência das vias aéreas para a classificação correta de pacientes com possível restrição à espirometria. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo de adultos com CVF e VEF1 reduzidos e relação VEF1/CV(F) na faixa prevista. Distúrbio ventilatório restritivo (DVR) foi definido por CPT < 5º percentil por pletismografia. Distúrbio ventilatório obstrutivo (DVO) foi caracterizado por resistência específica de vias aéreas elevada, resposta significativa do VEF1 pós-broncodilatador e/ou um FEF25-75% < 50% do previsto associado a uma relação VR/CPT elevada. Distúrbio ventilatório inespecífico (DVI) foi caracterizado por CPT na faixa prevista e ausência de obstrução. Distúrbio ventilatório combinado (DVC) foi caracterizado por CPT reduzida e achados indicativos de obstrução ao fluxo aéreo. Os diagnósticos clínicos foram baseados em suspeita clínica, um questionário respiratório e revisão de exames de interesse. Resultados: Foram incluídos 300 pacientes no estudo, dos quais 108 (36%) tiveram diagnóstico de DVR, enquanto 120 (40%) foram diagnosticados com DVO ou DVC e 72 (24%) com DVI. Destes últimos, 24 (33%) tinham diagnóstico clínico de DVO. Nesta amostra, 151 pacientes (50,3%) eram obesos, e isso se associou com todos os padrões de distúrbios funcionais. Conclusões: Medidas dos volumes pulmonares e da resistência das vias aéreas são frequentemente necessárias para a caracterização adequada do tipo de distúrbio funcional em casos com possível restrição à espirometria. A obstrução ao fluxo aéreo é comum nesses casos.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Spirometry/methods , Airway Resistance/physiology , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/diagnosis , Respiratory Function Tests , Total Lung Capacity/physiology , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/physiopathology , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/physiopathology , Lung Volume Measurements/methods , Obesity/physiopathology
3.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 1459-1465, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-184036

ABSTRACT

The prognostic role of resting pulmonary hyperinflation as measured by residual volume (RV)/total lung capacity (TLC) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the factors related to resting pulmonary hyperinflation in COPD and to determine whether resting pulmonary hyperinflation is a prognostic factor in COPD. In total, 353 patients with COPD in the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease cohort recruited from 16 hospitals were enrolled. Resting pulmonary hyperinflation was defined as RV/TLC > or = 40%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that older age (P = 0.001), lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (P < 0.001), higher St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score (P = 0.019), and higher emphysema index (P = 0.010) were associated independently with resting hyperinflation. Multivariate Cox regression model that included age, gender, dyspnea scale, SGRQ, RV/TLC, and 6-min walking distance revealed that an older age (HR = 1.07, P = 0.027), a higher RV/TLC (HR = 1.04, P = 0.025), and a shorter 6-min walking distance (HR = 0.99, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of all-cause mortality. Our data showed that older age, higher emphysema index, higher SGRQ score, and lower FEV1 were associated independently with resting pulmonary hyperinflation in COPD. RV/TLC is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in COPD.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Dyspnea/diagnosis , Exercise Test , Exercise Tolerance , Forced Expiratory Flow Rates/physiology , Forced Expiratory Volume , Lung/physiopathology , Prognosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Emphysema/diagnosis , Republic of Korea , Residual Volume/physiology , Respiratory Function Tests , Surveys and Questionnaires , Total Lung Capacity/physiology , Vital Capacity , Walking/physiology
4.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 12(1): 120-125, Jan-Mar/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-705790

ABSTRACT

Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat that is harmful to the individuals. Respiratory disorders are among the comorbidities associated with obesity. This study had the objective of investigating the alterations in respiratory function that affect obese individuals. A systematic review was performed, by selecting publications in the science databases MEDLINE and LILACS, using PubMed and SciELO. The articles that assessed pulmonary function by plethysmography and/or spirometry in obese individuals aged under 18 years were included. The results demonstrated that the obese individuals presented with a reduction in lung volume and capacity as compared to healthy individuals. Reduction of total lung capacity and reduction of forced vital capacity, accompanied by reduction of the forced expiratory volume after one second were the most representative findings in the samples. The articles analyzed proved the presence of a restrictive respiratory pattern associated with obesity.


A obesidade é uma doença crônica, caracterizada pelo acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal, que ocasiona prejuízos ao indivíduo. Dentre as comorbidades associadas à obesidade, estão as disfunções respiratórias. O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar as alterações da função pulmonar que acometem indivíduos obesos. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, por meio da seleção de publicações nas bases científicas de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, por meio do PubMed e SciELO. Foram inclusos os trabalhos que avaliaram a função pulmonar, por meio de pletismografia e/ou espirometria, em indivíduos obesos maiores de 18 anos. Os resultados demonstraram que os indivíduos obesos apresentaram redução dos volumes e capacidades pulmonares quando comparados a indivíduos eutróficos. Redução da capacidade pulmonar total e redução da capacidade vital forçada, acompanhadas de redução do volume expiratório forçado após um segundo, foram os achados mais representativos dentre as amostras. Os trabalhos analisados comprovam a presença de padrão respiratório restritivo associado à obesidade.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Lung/physiopathology , Obesity/physiopathology , Body Mass Index , Obesity/complications , Plethysmography , Respiratory Function Tests , Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/physiopathology , Total Lung Capacity/physiology
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 70(11): 847-851, Nov. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-655921

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) during the on and off periods of levodopa and to compare with healthy controls. METHODS: Twenty-six patients were analyzed with Hoehn and Yahr scores (2-3) and 26 age and gender matched-controls. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t-test for paired and independent samples. RESULTS: MIP and MEP values in patients were significantly lower than the values obtained in controls both for off and on stages -excepted for MIP in women (p=0.28). For patients with PD, the studied parameters did not differ between stages on and off, with the exception of MEP in women (p=0.00). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PD have respiratory pressure lower than controls, even in early stages of the disease, and dopamine replacement has little impact over these respiratory pressures. These findings suggest that respiratory changes in PD may be unrelated to dopaminergic dysfunction.


OBJETIVO: Investigar as pressões inspiratórias máximas (PImáx) e as pressões expiratórias máximas (PEmáx) em pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP) durante períodos on e off e comparar com controles MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 26 pacientes com scores de Hoehn e Yahr (2-3) e 26 indivíduos saudáveis pareados sexo e idade. A análise estatística foi realizada com o teste t de Student para amostras pareadas e para amostras independentes. RESULTADOS: Os valores de PImáx e PEmáx nos pacientes foram significativamente menores que os valores observados nos controles, tanto no período off como no período on -exceto PImáx nas mulheres (p=0,28). Nos pacientes com DP, os parâmetros estudados não diferiram entre os estágios off e on (exceto PEmáx nas mulheres-p=0,00). CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com DP têm pressões respiratórias inferiores a controles mesmo em estágios iniciais da doença, e a reposição de dopamina tem pouco impacto sobre pressões respiratórias. Esses achados sugerem que as alterações respiratórias na DP podem não estar relacionadas às disfunções dopaminérgicas.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Dopamine/physiology , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Age Factors , Antiparkinson Agents/administration & dosage , Case-Control Studies , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Levodopa/administration & dosage , Muscle Strength/physiology , Pressure , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Sex Factors , Total Lung Capacity/physiology
6.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 83(3): 967-972, Sept. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-595538

ABSTRACT

The respiratory muscles can present fatigue and even chronic inability to generate force. So, reliable devices are necessary to their evaluation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the MEP (Maximal Expiratory Pressure) values of individuals between 20 and 25 years old and to validate a protocol using a pressure transducer and a signal conditioner comparing it with the digital manometer. We evaluated the MEP of 10 participants. They remained seated and made six respiratory maneuvers from Total Lung Capacity (TLC) to Residual Volume (RV). The results in the study showed no statistically significant differences when compared to values reported in the literature, and that the pressure transducer provides reliable values for MEP.


Os músculos respiratórios podem apresentar fadiga e até mesmo a incapacidade crônica na geração de força, sendo necessários dispositivos confiáveis para sua avaliação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a pressão expiratória máxima (PeMáx) de indivíduos entre 20 e 25 anos e validar um protocolo que utiliza um transdutor de pressão e um condicionador de sinais comparando-o com a manovacuometria. Foram avaliadas a PeMáx de 10 participantes. Estes permaneceram sentados e realizaram seis manobras respiratórias a partir da capacidade pulmonar total (CPT) até o volume residual (VR). Os resultados do estudo não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas quando comparados com os valores de normalidade descritos na literatura e mostraram que o transdutor de pressão fornece valores confiáveis para Pe máx.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Residual Volume/physiology , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Transducers, Pressure , Total Lung Capacity/physiology , Reference Values
7.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 94(6): 788-793, jun. 2010. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-550693

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Durante a infância e adolescência, o sedentarismo, o excesso de peso e a alimentação inadequada são fatores de risco para doenças crônicas, sobretudo obesidade, hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabete melito. A intervenção precoce pode prevenir o desenvolvimento dessas complicações. OBJETIVO: Verificar a presença de fatores de risco cardiovasculares (obesidade e hipertensão arterial) e suas possíveis interações com a capacidade cardiorrespiratória. Métodos: Estudo transversal composto de amostra estratificada por conglomerados, de 1.666 escolares, com idades entre 7 e 17 anos, 873 (52,4 por cento) do sexo masculino e 793 (47,6 por cento) do sexo feminino. Avaliaram-se as pressões arteriais sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), índice de massa corporal (IMC), percentual de gordura ( por centoG) e capacidade cardiorrespiratória. Ainda, PAS e PAD foram correlacionadas com circunferência da cintura (CC), relação cintura-quadril (RCQ), somatório de dobras cutâneas (ΣDC) e capacidade cardiorrespiratória. RESULTADOS: A avaliação do IMC dos escolares evidenciou 26,7 por cento de sobrepeso ou obesidade e 35,9 por cento com o percentual de gordura acima de moderadamente alto. Com relação aos níveis pressóricos, encontraram-se 13,9 por cento e 12,1 por cento de escolares limítrofes e hipertensos, para PAS e PAD, respectivamente. Houve associação entre hipertensão, obesidade e capacidade cardiorrespiratória. Observou-se correlação significativa em relação à PAS e PAD, para todas as variáveis analisadas, apresentando, ainda, uma relação fraca a moderada com as variáveis idade, peso, estatura, IMC e circunferência da cintura. CONCLUSÃO: A presença da hipertensão arterial associada à obesidade e seu reflexo na capacidade cardiorrespiratória reforçam a importância de se propor, já na infância, um estilo de vida mais ativo e saudável.


BACKGROUND: During childhood and adolescence, physical inactivity, excess weight, and poor nutrition are risk factors for chronic diseases, especially obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Early intervention can prevent the development of these complications. OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of cardiovascular risk (obesity and hypertension) in schoolchildren and its potential interactions with cardio-respiratory fitness. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a stratified cluster sample of 1,666 schoolchildren, aged between 7 and 17 years, 873 (52.4 percent) of them male and 793 (47.6 percent) of them female. The following variables were evaluated: systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF percent), and cardio-respiratory fitness. SBP and DBP were correlated with waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), sum of skin folds (ΣSF), and cardio-respiratory fitness. RESULTS: A BMI assessment of the students showed that 26.7 percent of them were overweight or obese, and 35.9 percent had body fat percentage over moderately high. As to blood pressure, we found that 13.9 percent and 12.1 percent of the students were borderline or hypertensive, for SBP and DBP, respectively. There was an association among hypertension, obesity, and cardio-respiratory fitness. There was a significant correlation of SBP and DBP with all variables, and also a weak to moderate correlation with age, weight, height, BMI, and waist circumference. CONCLUSION: The presence of hypertension associated with obesity and its effects on cardio-respiratory fitness stress the importance of recommending, since childhood, a more active and healthy lifestyle.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Hypertension/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Total Lung Capacity/physiology , Blood Pressure Determination , Body Weights and Measures , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Hypertension/complications , Life Style , Obesity/complications , Risk Factors , Sex Factors
8.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 94(3): 345-351, mar. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-545821

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A força muscular respiratória tem sido relacionada com a evolução no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. A estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS) tem como principal finalidade terapêutica documentada a redução da dor; beneficio esse que poderia produzir benefícios secundários na força muscular respiratória e, consequentemente, nos volumes e capacidades pulmonares. OBJETIVOS: O presente trabalho procurou avaliar a efetividade da estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS) de curta duração para redução da dor e possíveis interferências e na força muscular respiratória, volumes e capacidade pulmonar em pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Vinte e cinco pacientes com idade média de 59,9±10,3 anos, sendo 72 por cento homens, homogêneos quanto a peso e altura, foram aleatoriamente alocados em dois grupos. Um grupo recebeu a TENS tratamento (n=13) e outro, a TENS placebo (n=12), por período de quatro horas, no terceiro dia do pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, avaliando a dor a partir da escala visual analógica, força muscular respiratória pelas pressões respiratórias máximas, volumes e capacidade pulmonar antes e após a aplicação da TENS. RESULTADOS: A TENS de curta duração reduziu a dor de pacientes no período pós-operatório de forma significativa (p<0,001). A força muscular respiratória (p<0,001), o volume corrente (p<0,001) e a capacidade vital (p<0,05) após a TENS tratamento demonstraram melhora significativa, alterações que não ocorreram no grupo placebo. CONCLUSÃO: A TENS de curta duração mostrou-se efetiva para redução da dor, melhora da força muscular respiratória, volumes e capacidade pulmonar.


BACKGROUND: Respiratory muscle strength has been related to the postoperative outcome of cardiac surgeries. The main documented therapeutic purpose of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is the reduction of pain, which could bring secondary benefits to the respiratory muscles and, consequently, to lung capacities and volumes. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of short-duration transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the reduction of pain and its possible influence on respiratory muscle strength and lung capacity and volumes of patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. METHODS: Twenty five patients with mean age of 59.9 ± 10.3 years, of whom 72 percent were men, and homogeneous as regards weight and height, were randomly assigned to two groups. One group received therapeutic TENS (n = 13) and the other, placebo TENS (n = 12), for four hours on the third postoperative day of cardiac surgery. Pain was analyzed by means of a visual analogue scale, and of respiratory muscle strength as measured by maximum respiratory pressures and lung capacity and volumes before and after application of TENS. RESULTS: Short-duration TENS significantly reduced pain of patients in the postoperative period (p < 0.001). Respiratory muscle strength (p < 0.001), tidal volume (p < 0.001) and vital capacity (p < 0.05) significantly improved after therapeutic TENS, unlike in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: Short-duration TENS proved effective for the reduction of pain and improvement of respiratory muscle strength, as well as of lung volumes and capacity. (Arq Bras Cardiol 2010; 94(3):325-331)


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Pain, Postoperative/therapy , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation , Muscle Strength/physiology , Pain Measurement , Postoperative Period , Sex Distribution , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Total Lung Capacity/physiology
9.
J. bras. pneumol ; 35(1): 14-19, jan. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-506062

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Relatar os resultados obtidos no pré- e pós-operatório de três pacientes portadores de enfisema pulmonar difuso grave, empregando uma nova técnica: ventilação colateral com drenagem do parênquima pulmonar. MÉTODOS: Para a avaliação da drenagem pulmonar, foram selecionados pacientes que já haviam sido submetidos à terapêutica clínica máxima, incluindo a reabilitação pulmonar, e que ainda assim sofriam de falência respiratória com dispnéia incapacitante. Os pacientes foram submetidos, no pré- e no pós operatório, à pletismografia e ao teste da caminhada de seis minutos, assim como responderam aos seguintes questionários de qualidade de vida: Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status e Medical Research Council Scale. Todos os pacientes tiveram seguimento de no mínimo 300 dias de pós-operatório. Os testes foram realizados no pré-operatório, entre 30 e 40 dias de pós-operatório e após 300 dias de pós-operatório. Os dados foram analisados pelo método de gráficos de perfis de médias. RESULTADOS: Quando comparados os resultados do pré-operatório com os do pós-operatório nos dois momentos, verificou-se que houve melhora em todos os parâmetros estudados. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que a técnica operatória proposta para o tratamento de doentes portadores de enfisema pulmonar difuso grave foi capaz de diminuir os sintomas debilitantes destes pacientes, tornando sua qualidade de vida muito melhor.


OBJECTIVE: To report the results obtained in three patients with diffuse pulmonary emphysema during the pre- and post-operative periods following a new surgical technique: collateral ventilation with lung parenchyma drainage. METHODS: Patients suffering from pulmonary failure and disabling dyspnea, despite having received the gold standard treatment, including pulmonary rehabilitation, were selected for the evaluation of pulmonary drainage. During the pre- and post-operative periods, patients were submitted to plethysmography and six-minute walk tests, as well as completing the following quality of life questionnaires: Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status and Medical Research Council Scale. In all three cases, the postoperative follow-up period was at least 300 days. The tests were performed at the following time points: during the pre-operative period; between post-operative days 30 and 40; and on post-operative day 300. Data were analyzed using profile plots of the means. RESULTS: When the results obtained in the pre-operative period were compared to those obtained at the two post-operative time points evaluated, improvements were observed in all parameters studied. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the surgical technique proposed for the treatment of patients suffering from severe diffuse emphysema successfully reduces the debilitating symptoms of these patients, improving their quality of life considerably.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Drainage/methods , Pulmonary Emphysema/surgery , Exercise Test , Follow-Up Studies , Plethysmography, Whole Body , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Care , Pulmonary Emphysema/physiopathology , Pulmonary Emphysema/psychology , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Quality of Life , Total Lung Capacity/physiology , Walking
10.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 45(3): 186-191, jul.-set. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-494339

ABSTRACT

RACIONAL: O transplante hepático é utilizado para o tratamento de doenças hepáticas em estado avançado, quando a sobrevida e a função hepática são aumentadas após o procedimento. OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar a função pulmonar, a condição funcional e a qualidade de vida de pacientes candidatos ao transplante hepático e após a realização do procedimento cirúrgico no período de 1, 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses de pós-operatório. MÉTODOS: Trabalho transversal, observacional, com amostra de conveniência, composta por 30 pacientes, divididos em seis grupos (com cinco indivíduos em cada grupo), nos seguintes tempos: pré-transplante, 1, 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses de pós-operatório. Todos os indivíduos foram avaliados em um único momento, quando foram mensurados a capacidade vital forçada, o volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo, as pressões inspiratória e expiratória máxima, a distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos e os domínios relacionados à qualidade de vida através do questionário de qualidade de vida auto-aplicativo "Short Form 36". RESULTADOS: Houve melhora em todas as variáveis ao comparar o período pré-transplante com os consecutivos meses de pós-operatório, onde a pressão inspiratória máxima, a distância percorrida e o domínio da capacidade funcional apresentaram mudanças estatisticamente significantes. CONCLUSÃO: O transplante hepático é uma alternativa para o tratamento das doenças hepáticas avançadas e proporciona aos pacientes benefícios nas condições respiratórias e funcionais, contribuindo para melhora da qualidade de vida.


BACKGROUND: The liver transpslantation is used for treatment of end-stage liver disease, where the survival and liver function are markedly improved after transplantation. AIM: To evaluate and compare lung function, functional capacity and quality of life in patients submitted to liver transplantation after 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of procedure. METHODS: Observational study with convenience groups composed by 30 patients, which had been divided in six groups (5 subjects each), in preoperative period and in the period of 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after liver transplantation. All the individuals were evaluated at the same time, verificating the measurement of the forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure, distance and domains related to quality of life. RESULTS: According to the explanation, it was observed improvement in all variables in subsequent groups to the liver transplantation in periods of 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months when compared to the preoperative group. The most significant changes occurred during the maximum inspiratory pressures, the distance and physical functioning. CONCLUSIONS: The liver transplantation as an alternative treatment for advanced liver disease, gives the patients benefits in respiratory and physical-functional conditions with improvement of life quality.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Activities of Daily Living , Liver Transplantation/physiology , Liver Transplantation/psychology , Quality of Life , Total Lung Capacity/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time Factors
11.
Neumol. pediátr ; 3(2): 156-159, 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-497960

ABSTRACT

El uso de ecuaciones de referencia adecuadas para determinar y predecir valores normales es un aspecto importante para optimizar la utilidad clínica de las pruebas de función pulmonar. Debido a la diversidad de ecuaciones existentes, cada laboratorio de función pulmonar debe saber elegir las apropiadas para su población de estudio. Estas ecuaciones deberían ser consistentes y representativas, deberían derivar de estudios que utilicen procedimientos y equipos estandarizados y por supuesto, deberían estar validadas. Existen muchos factores determinantes de la función pulmonar en un niño o adolescente, como son: la estatura, sexo y edad; y recientemente se ha publicado evidencia que sugiere el rol de la influencia racial, ambiental y de los potenciales efectos de la pubertad. En esta revisión se brinda una revisión de estos factores y de su efecto en la determinación de volúmenes pulmonares en niños escolares y adolescente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Respiratory Function Tests/standards , Age Factors , Body Height , Body Weight , Racial Groups , Total Lung Capacity/physiology , Prognosis , Reference Values , Sex Characteristics
12.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 67(5): 429-435, sep.-oct. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-489363

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las características clínicas de los pacientes con esclerodermia y compromiso pulmonar y evaluar si existen factores clínicos predictores de mayor riesgo de enfermedad intersticial. Se estudiaron en forma retrospectiva 40 pacientes con esclerodermia. Fueron divididos en 2 grupos: capacidad de difusión del monóxido de carbono (DLCO) normal (n = 22) y DLCO disminuida (n = 18, 45%). Los pacientes con DLCO disminuida no fueron diferentes en edad (51.1 más o menos 13.5 vs. 53.5 más o menos 9.3 años, p = 0.5182), sexo (varones 13.6%, p = 0.6088 ), presencia de Raynaud (86.6% vs. 85%, p = 0.6272), síndrome de ojo seco (6.2% vs. 10.5%, p = 1.0000) prevalencia de enfermedad difusa (94.1% vs. 83.3%, p = 0.6026) o de dilatación esofágica. El tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad no fue diferente. La sensibilidad de la disnea para detectar una DLCO alterada fue 46.6% con una especificidad del 90% y la de la caída de la saturación de O2 (SaO2) del 71.4% y 80% respectivamente. Los pacientes con DLCO baja tuvieron mayor prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-Scl 70 positivos (5/9 vs. 0/11, p = 0.0081) y de incapacidad ventilatoria restrictiva aunque en 56.7% de los pacientes con DLCO disminuida la capacidad pulmonar total (CPT) era normal. La presencia de hipertensión pulmonar medida por ecocardiograma Doppler fue idéntica (11/13 vs. 10/11, p = 1.0000). Los pacientes con DLCO disminuida tuvieron una prevalencia muy superior de tomografía computada de tórax con evidencias de compromiso intersticial (82.3% vs. 5.8%, p menor o igual a 0.0001). En conclusión, nuestros datos sugieren que la disminución de la DLCO es un hallazgo, muy frecuentemente asociado a TAC de tórax con compromiso intersticial y que no hay variables clínicas que permitan predecir su anormalidad.


The objective of this study was to determine clinical predictors of interstitial lung disease in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and pulmonary involvement as defined by presence of a decreased diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Forty subjects with SSc were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were categorized according to their level of DLCO (less than or more than or equal to 80% of predicted). Sensitivity of dyspnea to detect a decreased DLCO was 46.6% and specificity 90%, whereas oxygen desaturation showed a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 80%. Patients with decreased DLCO (n = 18) were not different in age (51.1 more or less than 13.5 vs. 53.5 more or less than 9.3 y, p = 0.5182), sex (male 13.6%, p = 0.6088), prevalence of Raynaud (86.6% vs. 85%, p = 0.6272), sicca syndrome (6.2% vs. 10.5% p = 1.0000) diffuse cutaneous involvement (94.1% vs. 83.3%, p = 0.6026) or esophageal dilatation. The duration of symptoms since diagnosis was no different. Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension assessed by Doppler echocardiography or abnormal nailfold capillaroscopic findings were identical in both populations. Patients with low DLCO had a significatly higher prevalence of anti topoisomerase antibodies. (5/9 vs. 0/11, p = 0.0081) and restrictive lung disease. Patients with low DLCO showed a significantly higher prevalence of abnormal HRCT findings suggestive of ILD (82.3% vs. 5.8%, p less than or equal to 0.0001). We conclude that a low DLCO is a frequent finding in SSc patients, strongly associated with HRCT signs of ILD. We have not found clinical factors predictive for a low DLCO.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Carbon Monoxide/analysis , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis , Nuclear Proteins/analysis , Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity/physiology , Scleroderma, Systemic/complications , Antibodies/analysis , Biomarkers , Carbon Monoxide/metabolism , Echocardiography, Doppler , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology , Immunoblotting , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/etiology , Lung , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Scleroderma, Systemic/immunology , Scleroderma, Systemic , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Total Lung Capacity/physiology
13.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 83(4): 343-348, July-Aug. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-459890

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Observar os efeitos da posição prona e a necessidade da pressão expiratória positiva final (PEEP) na melhora da oxigenação. MÉTODOS: Dezesseis ratos foram anestesiados e ventilados com volume corrente de 8 mL/kg, freqüência respiratória de 60 rpm e PEEP = 0 cmH2O (ZEEP), em posição supina por 30 minutos. Após, foi induzida a lesão pulmonar através da instilação intratraqueal de ácido clorídrico. Quando estabelecida a lesão, os ratos foram pronados por mais 30 minutos e randomizados em dois grupos: grupo 1: associou-se PEEP = 5 cmH2O; grupo 2: manteve-se ZEEP. Medidas de mecânica pulmonar, da gasometria arterial e de pressão arterial média foram coletadas ao final de cada fase. RESULTADOS: A pressão parcial de oxigênio do grupo 1 aumentou significativamente de 98,7±26,5 para 173,9±58,4 mmHg entre as fases lesão e prona; o grupo 2 não se alterou, variando de 99,6±15,4 para 100,5±24,5 mmHg. Quanto à complacência, o grupo 1 também apresentou melhora significativa, de 0,20±0,01 para 0,23±0,02 mL/cmH2O, ao passo que o grupo 2 mais uma vez não apresentou melhora, de 0,21±0,02 para 0,22±0,01 mL/cmH2O. A medida da pressão arterial média não apresentou alterações significativas em ambos os grupos durante todo o experimento. CONCLUSÕES: A posição prona somente apresentou melhora da oxigenação e mecânica respiratória quando associada à PEEP = 5 cmH2O. A posição prona com e sem PEEP = 5 cmH2O não trouxe prejuízos hemodinâmicos.


OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of the prone position and the need for positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to improve oxygenation. METHODS: Sixteen rats were anesthetized and ventilated at a tidal volume of 8 mL/kg, respiratory rate of 60 rpm and PEEP = 0 cmH2O (ZEEP), in the supine position for 30 minutes. Lung injury was then induced by means of intratracheal instillation of hydrochloric acid. Once the injury was established, rats were placed in the prone position for a further 30 minutes and randomized into two groups: in group 1 PEEP = 5 cmH2O was added; while group 2 was kept on ZEEP. Measurements of pulmonary mechanics, arterial blood gas analysis and mean arterial pressure were taken at the end of each phase. RESULTS: In group 1, oxygen partial pressure increased significantly from 98.7±26.5 to 173.9±58.4 mmHg between injury and prone phases; in group 2 it was unchanged, varying from 99.6±15.4 to 100.5±24.5 mmHg. Group 1 also exhibited significant improvement in complacency, from 0.20±0.01 to 0.23±0.02 mL/cmH2O, while, once more, group 2 did not exhibit improvement, going from 0.21±0.02 to 0.22±0.01 mL/cmH2O. Mean arterial blood pressure measurements did not change significantly in either group at any point during the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: The prone position only resulted in improved oxygenation and respiratory mechanics when combined with PEEP = 5 cmH2O. The prone position did not cause hemodynamic compromise with or without PEEP = 5 cmH2O.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Oxygen/blood , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Prone Position , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/physiopathology , Total Lung Capacity/physiology , Disease Models, Animal , Pulmonary Circulation , Pulmonary Gas Exchange , Rats, Wistar , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy
14.
Indian Pediatr ; 2006 Aug; 43(8): 680-98
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-14707

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Although several prediction equations to evaluate peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of Indian children are available in literature, clinicians and researchers need to make a logical choice of which equation to use as reference. The aim was to demonstrate a practical approach to making such a logical choice by using prediction equations on our study population. METHODS: Eighteen linear regression equations generated on Indian children were chosen from available literature. PEFR measured on a Wright peak flow meter on 81 boys and 60 girls, aged between 8 and 13 years, was compared with the predicted values obtained from the equations. Data was systematically analyzed for the extent of over-estimation and under-estimation, correlation between the predicted and measured values and bias and limits of agreement using Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: The correlation between observed and predicted values using the eighteen equations ranged between 0.616 and 0.797 (for all P < 0.001). The Bland-Altman plots indicated that for all but three equations in boys and three equations in girls, lower measured values of PEFR were associated with higher predicted values. A final choice of a reference prediction equation was based on a combination of factors which included a high correlation between actual and predicted PEFR values, the bias of the estimate, the limits of agreement and the extent to which equations over or under-estimated PEFR. CONCLUSION: A practical approach to evaluate the applicability of prediction equations on an independent data set has been demonstrated.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Anthropometry , Child , Female , Humans , India , Male , Peak Expiratory Flow Rate/physiology , Reference Values , Respiratory Function Tests/standards , Schools , Total Lung Capacity/physiology , Vital Capacity/physiology
15.
In. Ghorayeb, Nabil; Barros, Turíbio Leite de. O Exercício. São Paulo, Atheneu, 2004. p.305-312, ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1069460
16.
Invest. clín ; 39(1): 3-17, mar. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-212708

ABSTRACT

La significativa aplicabilidad de las pruebas para medir los volúmenes pulmonares impone la necesidad de manejarlas frecuentemente, lo cual implica comparar los valores registrados para los parámetros de función pulmonar con valores predichos o de referencia, que se obtienen mediante ecuaciones derivadas de estudios en población sana. Se determinó la Capacidad Vital Lenta (SVC), Capacidad Inspiratoria (IC), Capacidad Residual Funcional (FRC), Volumen Residual (RV), Capacidad Pulmonar Total (TLC) y las características físicas, en 50 hombres sanos, no fumadores, con edades entre 17 y 63 años, para deducir ecuaciones de predicción. Las pruebas funcionales se realizaron mediante la técnica de respiración múltiple y Dilución de Helio, utilizando un Analizador de Función Pulmonar Spinnaker TL. Las ecuaciones de predicción se determinaron por análisis de regresión múltiple escalonada, que permitió incluir las variables que agregan predicción con significación estadística (95 por ciento de certeza), obteniendose para SVC: R=0,853, EEE=0,350 lts; IC: R=0,822, EEE=0,296 lts; FRC: R=0,843, EEE=0,326 lts; RV: R=0,891, EEE=0,153 lts y TLC: R=0,883, EEE=0,458 lts. El análisis de varianza (ANOVA) para cada uno de los modelos de regresión de los parámetros estimados, resultó altamente significativo (p<0,00001). Se considero el percentil 5 por ciento como el límite inferior del volumen establecido como valor normal. El cálculo del percentil 5 por ciento determinó para la SVC=3,59 lts; IC=2,47 lts; FRC=14 lts; RV=1,26 lts y TLC=4,88 lts. Estos valores pueden representar los niveles por debajo de los cuales las pruebas se consideran disminuidas. Valores iguales o mayores se pueden considerar "normal" para cada uno de los parámetros estudiados. Las ecuaciones de predicción para la SVC, IC, FRC, RV, y TLC pueden ser utilizadas con validez y alta confiabilidad para calcular volúmenes pulmonares estádisticos de referencia en nuestra población (p<0,00001)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Functional Residual Capacity/physiology , Lung Volume Measurements , Total Lung Capacity/physiology , Vital Capacity/physiology , Tidal Volume/physiology
17.
In. Muñoz Canto, Félix; Caviedes Soto, Iván. Cuidados intensivos respiratorios. Santiago de Chile, Mediterráneo, 1991. p.54-61, ilus. (Medicina Serie Práctica).
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-164832
18.
Cir. & cir ; 55(1): 39-50, ene.-feb. 1988.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-118904

ABSTRACT

La función principal del aparato respiratorio es el intercambio de gases. Sin embargo, el aparato respiratorio desarrolla otras funciones: I. La corriente de aire sirve para una gran variedad de fenómenos sin los cuales nos sería difícil vivir; II. Las del metabolismo propio del pulmón; III. Las de absorción y eliminación de diversas substancias; IV. Las del mecanismo de defensa, y V. en las que participa en el sistema general del organismo. Actualmente se conocen con más profundidad estas funciones y se hace hincapié en algunas de ellas que nos explican mejor el comportamiento del pulmón en las diversas circunstancias a las que está expuesto.


Subject(s)
Lung/anatomy & histology , Total Lung Capacity/physiology , Lung/metabolism , Total Lung Capacity/genetics
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